{"id":358,"date":"2016-05-15T04:19:56","date_gmt":"2016-05-15T04:19:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.softwareclue.com\/?p=358"},"modified":"2016-05-15T04:19:56","modified_gmt":"2016-05-15T04:19:56","slug":"web%e8%af%b7%e6%b1%82%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%ef%bc%881%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e6%b5%8f%e8%a7%88%e5%99%a8%e8%af%b7%e6%b1%82%e5%8f%91%e8%b5%b7%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blog.softwareclues.com\/zh\/web%e8%af%b7%e6%b1%82%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%ef%bc%881%ef%bc%89%ef%bc%9a%e6%b5%8f%e8%a7%88%e5%99%a8%e8%af%b7%e6%b1%82%e5%8f%91%e8%b5%b7%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86","title":{"rendered":"WEB\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\uff081\uff09\uff1a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u8d77\u5904\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u4f2f\u4e50\u5728\u7ebf – \u9676\u90a6\u4ec1<\/p>\n

\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttp:\/\/blog.jobbole.com\/100461\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8981\u628a\u300aWEB\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u5217\u300b\u63d0\u4e0a\u65e5\u7a0b\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u7b54\u5e94\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u7ed9\u5206\u4eab\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684WEB\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a\u4ece\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3001Nginx\u3001Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8fWEB\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u524d\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u672a\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u7406\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd8\u597d\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u7ec8\u4e8e\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\uff0c\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u987a\u4fbf\u6574\u7406\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6e29\u6545\u800c\u77e5\u65b0\u5427\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u6536\u83b7\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.\u300aWEB\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u4e00\uff1a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u8d77\u5904\u7406\u300b\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165URL\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5982\u4f55\u627e\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1b<\/p>\n

2.\u300aWEB\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u4e8c\uff1aNginx\u8bf7\u6c42\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u300b\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\u5728\u8fbe\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b<\/p>\n

3.\u300aWEB\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u4e09\uff1aServlet\u5bb9\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u300b\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\u5728Servlet\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1b<\/p>\n

4.\u300aWEB\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u56db\uff1aWEB MVC\u6846\u67b6\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u300b\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u5f00\u6e90MVC\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b<\/p>\n

5.\u300aWEB\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u4e94\uff1a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u54cd\u5e94\u5904\u7406\u300b\uff1a\u5206\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6e32\u67d3\u54cd\u5e94\u9875\u9762\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u4e3a\u76f4\u89c2\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u5148\u4e0a\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a\u672c\u7ae0\u6240\u8ff0\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1 B\/S\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u6982\u8ff0<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\/S\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u4ece\u524d\u7aef\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u534f\u8baeHTTP\u6765\u4ea4\u4e92\u6570\u636e\uff0cHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u91c7\u7528\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u77ed\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fd9\u6b21\u901a\u4fe1\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u65ad\u5f00\u4e86\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\u4ebf\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u6b21\u540e\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4f4f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u91cc\u8f93\u5165www.google.com\u8fd9\u4e2aURL\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5982\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u8bf7\u6c42DNS\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff1b<\/li>\n
  2. \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5efa\u7acbSocket\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5411\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2aHTTP Get\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7531\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd4\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8d44\u6e90\u7ed9\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff1b<\/li>\n
  3. \u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u53f0\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u6307\u5b9a\u54ea\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u8bbe\u5907\u6765\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u914d\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1b<\/li>\n
  4. \u8fd8\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7f13\u5b58\u91cc\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u91cc\uff1b<\/li>\n
  5. \u5f53\u6570\u636e\u8fd4\u56de\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5982\uff1acss\uff0cjs\u6216\u8005\u56fe\u7247\uff09\u65f6\u53c8\u4f1a\u53d1\u8d77\u53e6\u5916\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728CDN\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48CDN\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53c8\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u4e0d\u7ba1\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u59cb\u7ec8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u539f\u5219\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u4e2aURL\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002URL\u5c31\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b26\uff1b<\/li>\n
    2. \u5fc5\u987b\u57fa\u4e8eHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4ea4\u4e92\uff1b<\/li>\n
    3. \u6570\u636e\u5c55\u793a\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      2 HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u89e3\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n

      B\/S\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662fHTTP\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u719f\u6089HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684HTTP Header\uff0cHTTP Header\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u63a7\u5236\u7740\u7528\u6237\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u6e32\u67d3\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n

      \u5e38\u89c1\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff1a<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      \u5e38\u89c1\u7684HTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\uff1a<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      \u5e38\u89c1\u7684HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      2.1 \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Ctrl+F5\u7ec4\u5408\u952e\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7aef\uff0c\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u76ee\u6807URL\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u5373\u4f7f\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u5230\u7684\u662f\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728HTTP\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u5b83\u544a\u8bc9\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u800c\u975e\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u9879Pragma:no-cache\u548cCache-Control:no-cache\u3002<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Cache-Control\/Pragma\u8fd9\u4e2aHTTP Head\u5b57\u6bb5\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\/\u54cd\u5e94\u94fe\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u670d\u4ece\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u548cHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u6216\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002Http Head\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u53ef\u9009\u503c\uff1a\n

        <\/p>\n

        Cache-Control\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b57\u6bb5\u88ab\u5404\u4e2a\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u652f\u6301\u7684\u8f83\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u5982Expires\uff09\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0cCache-Control\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

        Pragma\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548cCache-Control\u6709\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u5728HTTP\u5934\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u9075\u5b88\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662fPragma:no-cache\uff0c\u5b83\u548cCache-Control:no-cache\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n

      2. Expires \u7f13\u5b58\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4Expires\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\u662fExpires:Sat,25 Feb 2012 12:22:17 GMT\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u540e\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5728\u53d1\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u524d\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u770b\u8be5\u9875\u9762\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u671f\u4e86\uff0c\u8fc7\u671f\u4e86\u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n
      3. Last-Modified\/Etag \u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4Last-Modified\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u9759\u6001\uff08\u9759\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u81ea\u52a8\u52a0\u4e0aLast-Modified\uff09\u6216\u8005\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5982Servlet\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2agetLastModified\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u66f4\u65b0\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u5f53\u524d\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5728\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u4e2d\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aLast-Modified\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5982\uff1aSat,25 Feb 2012 12:55:04 GMT\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u518d\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2aIf-Modified-Since:Sat,25 Feb 2012 12:55:04 GMT\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u5f53\u524d\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u9875\u9762\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de304\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f20\u8f93\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\n

        \u4e0eLast-Modified\u5b57\u6bb5\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aEtag\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f16\u53f7\u6765\u533a\u5206\u5f53\u524d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528Last-Modified\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u540e\u7aef\u7684Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6709\u591a\u53f0\u65f6\u6bd4\u8f83\u96be\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2aWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f16\u53f7\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        3 WEB\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u4e0a\u7f51\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u8f93\u5165URL\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u53bb\u8bf7\u6c42DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7DNS\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u57df\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7IP\u5730\u5740\u627e\u5230IP\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u7b49\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u5b8cHTTP Request\uff08\u8bf7\u6c42\uff09\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5305\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8c03\u7528\u81ea\u8eab\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd4\u56deHTTP Response\uff08\u54cd\u5e94\uff09\u5305\uff1b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u6e32\u67d3\u8fd9\u4e2aResponse\u5305\u91cc\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08body\uff09\uff0c\u7b49\u6536\u5230\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u968f\u540e\u65ad\u5f00\u4e0e\u8be5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

        <\/p>\n

        \u4e00\u4e2aWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aHTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u7684\u662fWeb\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668(\u5176\u5b9e\u624b\u673a\u7aef\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5185\u90e8\u4e5f\u662f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684)\u3002<\/p>\n

        Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u901a\u8fc7DNS\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP\uff1b<\/li>\n
        2. \u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u901a\u8fc7TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u5efa\u7acb\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684TCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff1b<\/li>\n
        3. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u8bf7\u6c42\u5305\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u91cc\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6587\u6863\uff1b<\/li>\n
        4. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u5e94\u7b54\u5305\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5305\u542b\u6709\u52a8\u6001\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5f15\u64ce\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5904\u7406\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff1b<\/li>\n
        5. \u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65ad\u5f00\u3002\u7531\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u89e3\u91caHTML\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5c4f\u5e55\u4e0a\u6e32\u67d3\u56fe\u5f62\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684HTTP\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u539f\u7406\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u633a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u975e\u6301\u4e45\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5f53\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u5e94\u7b54\u540e\u5c31\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u673a\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

          4 DNS\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n

          4.1 DNS\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u5f53\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u5982\uff1awww.google.com\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u4e0b\u56de\u8f66\u540e\uff0cDNS\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5927\u4f53\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7f13\u5b58\u68c0\u67e5\uff08\u672c\u673a\uff09\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u8eab\u7684DNS\u7f13\u5b58\uff08\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u6bd4\u8f83\u77ed\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u53ea\u67091\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u4e14\u53ea\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb31000\u6761\u7f13\u5b58\uff09\uff0c\u770b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709www.google.com\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc7\u671f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc7\u671f\u5219\u89e3\u6790\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7f13\u5b58\u57df\u540d\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u9650\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u6709\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u6709\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u5230\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e0d\u7b49\uff0c\u57df\u540d\u88ab\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7TTL\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u592a\u957f\u548c\u592a\u77ed\u90fd\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u592a\u957f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u57df\u540d\u88ab\u89e3\u6790\u5230\u7684IP\u6709\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u88ab\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u57df\u540d\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u5230\u53d8\u5316\u540e\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u8be5\u57df\u540d\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65f6\u95f4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u592a\u77ed\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7528\u6237\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7ad9\u90fd\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u89e3\u6790\u4e00\u6b21\u57df\u540d\u3002\n

            \u6ce8\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u67e5\u770bChrome\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\uff1f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 chrome:\/\/net-internals\/#dns \u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u770b<\/p>\n

            <\/li>\n

          2. \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f13\u5b58\u68c0\u67e5\uff08\u672c\u673a\uff09+hosts\u89e3\u6790\uff08\u672c\u673a\uff09\u5982\u679c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u91cc\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48Chrome\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u8eab\u7684DNS\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684DNS\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc7\u671f\u5219\u505c\u6b62\u641c\u7d22\u89e3\u6790\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u5728Linux\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\/etc\/hosts\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4efb\u4f55\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5f53\u89e3\u6790\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\u7f13\u5b58\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u540c\u6837\u662f\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684\u5931\u6548\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n
          3. \u672c\u5730\u533a\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u89e3\u6790\uff08LDNS\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5728hosts\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2aDNS\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5411\u672c\u5730\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u9996\u9009DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08LDNS\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7535\u4fe1\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u50cfGoogle\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff09\u53d1\u8d77\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u662fUDP\u534f\u8bae\u5411DNS\u768453\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u8be5\u57df\u540d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u201cDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5730\u5740\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u9879\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u65f6\u8981\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8fd9\u91cc\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684LDNS\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2aDNS\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4f60\u672c\u5730\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u63a5\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u4e2aDNS\u89e3\u6790\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f60\u662f\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u63a5\u5165\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80af\u5b9a\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u533a\u63a5\u5165\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u4e2aDNS\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4f60\u63a5\u5165\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\uff0c\u5373\u7535\u4fe1\u6216\u8005\u8054\u901a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u8bf4\u7684SPA\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2aDNS\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5728\u4f60\u6240\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f88\u8fdc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4f1a\u7f13\u5b58\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u53d7\u57df\u540d\u7684\u5931\u6548\u65f6\u95f4\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u7f13\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0d\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u57df\u540d\u5931\u6548\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5927\u7ea680%\u7684\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u90fd\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5LDNS\u4e3b\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u57df\u540d\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\n

            \u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9996\u5148\u67e5\u627e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc7\u671f\uff0c\u5219\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

            <\/li>\n

          4. \u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u89e3\u6790\uff08Root Server\uff09\u5982\u679cLDNS\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u5219\u6709\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684DNS\u4ee3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u8d77\u8fed\u4ee3DNS\u89e3\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u662f\u4f1a\u627e\u6839\u57df\u7684DNS\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2aDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90fd\u5185\u7f6e13\u53f0\u6839\u57df\u7684DNS\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff09\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u6839\u57df\u7684DNS\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5411\u5176\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u8bf7\u95eewww.google.com\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u554a\uff1f\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
          5. \u6839\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u672c\u5730\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u67e5\u8be2\u57df\u7684\u4e3b\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668(gTLD Server)\u5730\u5740\uff0cgTLD\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u9876\u7ea7\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5982.com\u3001.cn\u3001.org\u7b49\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u53ea\u670913\u53f0\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u6839\u57df\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9876\u7ea7\u57dfcom\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u544a\u8bc9\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684DNS\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u77e5\u9053com\u57df\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f60\u53bb\u627e\u5b83\u53bb\u3002<\/li>\n
          6. \u672c\u5730\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668(Local DNS Server)\u518d\u5411\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u8fd4\u56de\u7684gTLD\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684DNS\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86com\u57df\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53c8\u5411com\u57df\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u8bf7\u95eewww.google.com\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u591a\u5c11?\uff09\uff0ccom\u57df\u8fd9\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u544a\u8bc9\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684DNS\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053www.google.com\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u77e5\u9053google.com\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u7684DNS\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f60\u53bb\u627e\u5b83\u53bb\u3002<\/li>\n
          7. \u63a5\u53d7\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684gTLD\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u67e5\u627e\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u6b64\u57df\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684Name Server\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2aName Server\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f60\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u57df\u540d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u7531\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684DNS\u53c8\u5411google.com\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684DNS\u5730\u5740\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e00\u822c\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u57df\u540d\u6ce8\u518c\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0c\u50cf\u4e07\u7f51\uff0c\u65b0\u7f51\u7b49\uff09\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u8bf7\u95eewww.google.com\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019google.com\u57df\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e00\u67e5\uff0c\u679c\u771f\u5728\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u628a\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u62ff\u5230\u4e86www.google.com\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
          8. Name Server\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u67e5\u8be2\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u57df\u540d\u548cIP\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u8868\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u6839\u636e\u57df\u540d\u5f97\u5230\u76ee\u6807IP\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u4e00\u4e2aTTL\u503c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9DNS Server\u57df\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n
          9. \u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u57df\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u548cTTL\u503c\uff0cLocal DNS Server\u4f1a\u7f13\u5b58\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u548cIP\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7531TTL\u503c\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n
          10. \u628a\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6839\u636eTTL\u503c\u7f13\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u662fIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6700\u540e\u53d1\u8d77\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u662f\u57fa\u4e8eIP\u6765\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u505a\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u7684DNS\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6b62\u8fd910\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5982Name Server\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u591a\u7ea7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aGTM\u6765\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u89e3\u6790\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0cDNS\u89e3\u6790\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u8fed\u4ee3\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            \u6240\u8c13 \u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b \u5c31\u662f \u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u9012\u4ea4\u8005\u201d \u66f4\u66ff, \u800c \u8fed\u4ee3\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b \u5219\u662f \u201c\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u9012\u4ea4\u8005\u201d\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e00\u8d77\u4e0a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8bfe\u7684\u5973\u5b69\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f60\u5077\u5077\u62cd\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u5bdd\u5ba4\u544a\u8bc9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u4ed7\u4e49\u7684\u54e5\u4eec\u513f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u54e5\u4eec\u513f\u4e8c\u8bdd\u6ca1\u8bf4\uff0c\u62cd\u7740\u80f8\u812f\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\uff0c\u752d\u6025\uff0c\u6211\u66ff\u4f60\u67e5(\u6b64\u5904\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u95ee\u8be2\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u66f4\u66ff)\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u62ff\u7740\u7167\u7247\u95ee\u4e86\u5b66\u9662\u5927\u56db\u5b66\u957f\uff0c\u5b66\u957f\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\uff0c\u8fd9\u59d1\u5a18\u662fxx\u7cfb\u7684\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u8fd9\u54e5\u4eec\u513f\u9a6c\u4e0d\u505c\u8e44\u53c8\u95ee\u4e86xx\u7cfb\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\u52a9\u7406\u540c\u5b66\uff0c\u52a9\u7406\u540c\u5b66\u8bf4\u662fxx\u7cfbyy\u73ed\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f88\u4ed7\u4e49\u7684\u54e5\u4eec\u513f\u53bbxx\u7cfbyy\u73ed\u7684\u73ed\u957f\u90a3\u91cc\u53d6\u5230\u4e86\u8be5\u5973\u5b69\u513f\u7535\u8bdd\u3002(\u6b64\u5904\u5b8c\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u95ee\u8be2\u8005\u89d2\u8272\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u53cd\u590d\u66f4\u66ff\u95ee\u8be2\u5bf9\u8c61)\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u53f7\u7801\u4ea4\u5230\u4e86\u4f60\u624b\u91cc\u3002\u5b8c\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

            4.2 \u8ddf\u8e2a\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528dig\u547d\u540d\u6765\u67e5\u8be2DNS\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1adig +cmd +trace www.google.com<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            \u4e0a\u9762\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u8d77\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u57df\u540d(\uff0e)\u5230gTLD Server(.com.)\u518d\u5230Name Server (google.com.)\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51faDNS\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u53f0\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

            4.3 \u6e05\u9664\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u57df\u540d<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053DNS\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u540e\u4f1a\u7f13\u5b58\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7f13\u5b58\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fLocal DNS Server\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7528\u6237\u7684\u672c\u5730\u673a\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u90fd\u662fTTL\u503c\u548c\u672c\u673a\u7f13\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u662fTTL\u503c\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0aLocal DNS Server\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u662fTTL\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u4eba\u5de5\u4ecb\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u672c\u673a\u7f13\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6e05\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u5728Linux\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\/etc\/init.d\/nscd restart\u6765\u6e05\u9664\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            JVM\u7f13\u5b58DNS\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a\u5728Java\u5e94\u7528\u4e2dJVM\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7f13\u5b58DNS\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u5728InetAddress\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd8\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u7f13\u5b58\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f13\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u662f\u5728%JAVA_ HOME%libsecurityjava.security\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u5206\u522b\u662fnetworkaddress.cache.ttl \u548cnetworkaddress.cache.negative.ttl\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u5206\u522b\u662f-1\uff08\u6c38\u4e0d\u5931\u6548\uff09\u548c10\uff08\u7f13\u5b5810\u79d2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u8981\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u540c\u6837\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539java.security\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3001\u5728Java\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0-Dsun.net.inetaddr.ttl=xxx\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3001\u901a\u8fc7InetAddress\u7c7b\u52a8\u6001\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n

            \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd8\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7528InetAddress\u7c7b\u89e3\u6790\u57df\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u662f\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u4f1a\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u521b\u5efaInetAddress\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u8017\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u70b9\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

            4.4 \u51e0\u79cd\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \n
            1. A\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0cA\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662fAddress\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u57df\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5982\u5c06item.taobao.com\u6307\u5b9a\u5230115.238.23.241\uff0c\u5c06switch.taobao.com\u6307\u5b9a\u5230121.14.24.241\u3002A\u8bb0\u5f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u5230\u591a\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
            2. MX\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662fMail Exchange\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u4e0b\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6307\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Mail Server\u5982taobao.com\u57df\u540d\u7684A\u8bb0\u5f55IP\u5730\u5740\u662f115.238.25.245\uff0c\u5982\u679cMX\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a115.238.25.246\uff0c\u662fxxx@taobao.com\u7684\u90ae\u4ef6\u8def\u7531\uff0cDNS\u4f1a\u5c06\u90ae\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\u5230115.238.25.246\u6240\u5728\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7Web\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8bdd\u4ecd\u7136\u89e3\u6790\u5230A\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/li>\n
            3. CNAME\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u662fCanonical Name\uff08\u522b\u540d\u89e3\u6790\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u522b\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u591a\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\u5982\u5c06taobao.com\u89e3\u6790\u5230xulingbo.net\uff0c\u5c06srcfan.com\u4e5f\u89e3\u6790\u5230xulingbo.net\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dxulingbo.net\u5206\u522b\u662ftaobao.com\u548csrcfan.com\u7684\u522b\u540d\u3002\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8ddf\u8e2a\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u201cwww.taobao.com. 1542 IN CNAME www.gslb.taobao.com\u201d\u5c31\u662fCNAME\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n
            4. NS\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u6307\u5b9aDNS\u89e3\u6790\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57df\u540d\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53bb\u89e3\u6790\u524d\u9762\u7684\u201cgoogle.com. 172800 IN NS ns4.google.com.\u201d\u5c31\u662fNS\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n
            5. TXT\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u6216\u57df\u540d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3agoogle.com\u8bbe\u7f6eTXT\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e3a\u201c\u8c37\u6b4c|\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              4.5 \u7f51\u7edc\u6293\u5305\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n

              Linux\u865a\u62df\u673a\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4 wget www.linux178.com \u6765\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528chrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5e72\u6270\u8bf7\u6c42\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u4f7f\u7528wget\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528wget\u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u80fd\u628aindex.html\u8bf7\u6c42\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9index.html\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\uff08js\u3001css\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u6293\u5305\u622a\u56fe\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

              1\u53f7\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u90a3\u53f0\u865a\u62df\u673a\u5728\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u8981\u83b7\u53d6192.168.100.254\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u5173\uff09\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u9760\u7684\u662fMAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u8ddf\u7f51\u5173\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP\u662f\u5916\u56f4IP\uff0c\u8981\u51fa\u53bb\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u7f51\u5173\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u51fa\u53bb\u624d\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

              2\u53f7\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u7f51\u5173\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u5e94\u7ed9\u865a\u62df\u673a\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u865a\u62df\u673a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u51fa\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n

              3\u53f7\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\u662fwget\u547d\u4ee4\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u914d\u7f6e\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63d0\u51fa\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\u5e94\u8be5\u662fwget\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aDNS\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u57df\u540dwww.linux178.com\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662fIP6\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff08AAAA\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662fIPv6\u5730\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

              4\u53f7\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2aDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5f88\u663e\u7136\u76ee\u524d\u4f7f\u7528IPv6\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u6781\u5c11\u6570\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230AAAA\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

              5&6\u53f7\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd8\u662f\u8bf7\u6c42\u89e3\u6790IPv6\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u662fwww.linux178.com.leo.com\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u673a\u540d\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662fno such name\u3002<\/p>\n

              7\u53f7\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u624d\u662f\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u57df\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IPv4\u5730\u5740\uff08A\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

              8\u53f7\u5305\uff0cDNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4ece\u7f13\u5b58\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u8fed\u4ee3\u67e5\u8be2\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u57df\u540d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u7ed9\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u518d\u7ed9\u4e86wget\u547d\u4ee4\uff0cwget\u4e8e\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86www.linux178.com\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u672c\u5730\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u662f\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff09\u8fd9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\uff0c\u8fdb\u884cTCP\u7684\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

              5 \u53d1\u8d77TCP\u76843\u6b21\u63e1\u624b<\/strong><\/p>\n

              \u62ff\u5230\u57df\u540d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e4b\u540e\uff0cUser-Agent\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u6307\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff09\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u7aef\u53e3\uff081024 < \u7aef\u53e3 < 65535\uff09\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684WEB\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709httpd,nginx\u7b49\uff0980\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u8d77TCP\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u539f\u59cb\u7684http\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ecf\u8fc7TCP\/IP4\u5c42\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5c42\u5c42\u5c01\u5305\uff09\u5230\u8fbe\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u540e\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2d\u95f4\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u8def\u7531\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u5185\u9664\u5916\uff09\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u5185\u6838\u7684TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u89e3\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u4e00\u5c42\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u5265\u5f00\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7Netfilter\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff08\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff09\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5230\u8fbeWEB\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86TCP\/IP\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

              \u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Client\u9996\u5148\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bd5\u63a2\uff0cACK=0 \u8868\u793a\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\u65e0\u6548\uff0cSYN = 1 \u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u8fde\u63a5\u63a5\u53d7\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u4e0d\u80fd\u643a\u5e26\u6570\u636e\uff0cseq = x \u8868\u793aClient\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u53f7\uff08seq = 0 \u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c0\u53f7\u5305\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019Client\u8fdb\u5165syn_sent\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7b49\u5f85\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u56de\u590d\u3002<\/li>\n
              2. Server\u76d1\u542c\u5230\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u610f\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5219\u5411Client\u53d1\u9001\u786e\u8ba4\u3002TCP\u62a5\u6587\u9996\u90e8\u4e2d\u7684SYN \u548c ACK\u90fd\u7f6e1 \uff0cack = x + 1\u8868\u793a\u671f\u671b\u6536\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u53f7\u662fx+1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8868\u660ex\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u5df2\u6b63\u786e\u6536\u5230\uff08ack=1\u5176\u5b9e\u662fack=0+1,\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u671f\u671b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u5305\uff09\uff0cseq = y \u8868\u793aServer\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u53f7\uff08seq=0\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u8fd9\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd9\u8fb9\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c0\u53f7\u5305\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u5165syn_rcvd\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u6536\u5230Client\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85client\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/li>\n
              3. Client\u6536\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u540e\u8fd8\u9700\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u9001\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u643a\u5e26\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9Server\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002ACK \u7f6e1 \u8868\u793a\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7ack= y + 1 \u6709\u6548\uff08\u4ee3\u8868\u671f\u671b\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u5305\uff09\uff0cClient\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7seq= x + 1\uff08\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7b2c1\u4e2a\u5305\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c0\u4e2a\u5305\u6765\u8bf4\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6536\u5230Client\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2aTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165Established\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u8d77http\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e86\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u770b\u6293\u5305\u622a\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n

                <\/p>\n

                TCP \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u89813\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff1f<\/p>\n

                \u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u5916\u5728\u6545\u5bab\u91cc\u9762\u8ff7\u8def\u4e86\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5c0f\u660e\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u6709\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff1a<\/p>\n

                \u8001\u5916\uff1a Excuse me\uff0cCan you Speak English?<\/p>\n

                \u5c0f\u660e\uff1a yes \u3002<\/p>\n

                \u8001\u5916\uff1a OK,I want \u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

                \u5728\u95ee\u8def\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8001\u5916\u5148\u95ee\u5c0f\u660e\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u8bf4\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u5c0f\u660e\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u8001\u5916\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u95ee\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

                2\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\u662f\u9760\u534f\u8bae\uff08\u76ee\u524d\u6d41\u884c\u7684TCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0,\u5982\u679c2\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a3\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8bd5\u63a2\u4e00\u4e0b\u5bf9\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u9075\u5faaTCP\/IP\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u534f\u5546\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u6837\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u51c6\u786e\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u8981\u57fa\u4e8eTCP\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1f<\/p>\n

                \u76ee\u524d\u5728Internet\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7TCP\/IP\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0cHTTP\u534f\u8bae\u4f5c\u4e3aTCP\/IP\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\uff0cTCP\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5HTTP\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42TCP\u534f\u8bae\u4e0d\u7528\u62c5\u5fc3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

                6 \u5efa\u7acbTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u53d1\u8d77http\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \u7ecf\u8fc7TCP3\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86http\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff08\u770b\u7b2c\u246b\u5305\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684http\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 GET \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u662f \/ ,\u534f\u8bae\u662fHTTP\/1.0\uff1a<\/p>\n

                <\/p>\n

                \u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u7b2c12\u53f7\u5305\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n

                <\/p>\n

                \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u662fHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u3002\u90a3\u4e48HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u4f1a\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u683c\u5f0f\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

                \u8d77\u59cb\u884c\uff1a\u5982 GET \/ HTTP\/1.0 \uff08\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL \u8bf7\u6c42\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff09<\/p>\n

                \u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\uff1aUser-Agent Host\u7b49\u6210\u5bf9\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u503c<\/p>\n

                \u4e3b\u4f53<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

                \u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u8fd8\u662f\u54cd\u5e94\u62a5\u6587\u90fd\u4f1a\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8d77\u59cb\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u79cd\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

                GET: \u5b8c\u6574\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90 \uff08\u5e38\u7528\uff09<\/p>\n

                HEAD: \u4ec5\u8bf7\u6c42\u54cd\u5e94\u9996\u90e8<\/p>\n

                POST: \u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355 \uff08\u5e38\u7528\uff09<\/p>\n

                PUT: \u4e0a\u4f20<\/p>\n

                DELETE: \u5220\u9664<\/p>\n

                OPTIONS: \u8fd4\u56de\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n

                TRACE: \u8ffd\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d44\u6e90\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u95f4\u6240\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7684\u4ee3\u7406<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

                \u90a3\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fURL\u3001URI\u3001URN\uff1f<\/p>\n

                URI Uniform Resource Identifier \u7edf\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\uff1ascheme:\/\/[username:password@]HOST:port\/path\/to\/source<\/p>\n

                URL Uniform Resource Locator \u7edf\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7b26\uff0c\u5982\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.magedu.com\/downloads\/nginx-1.5.tar.gz<\/p>\n

                URN Uniform Resource Name \u7edf\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u540d\u79f0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

                URL\u548cURN\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8eURI\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5c31\u628aURL\u548cURI\u6682\u65f6\u90fd\u901a\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n

                \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u79cd\uff1f\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n

                http\/0.9: stateless<\/p>\n

                http\/1.0: MIME, keep-alive (\u4fdd\u6301\u8fde\u63a5), \u7f13\u5b58<\/p>\n

                http\/1.1: \u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6301\u4e45\u8fde\u63a5(persistent connection) \u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u7528<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

                \u4e0b\u9762\u662fChrome\u53d1\u8d77\u7684http\u8bf7\u6c42\u62a5\u6587\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n

                <\/p>\n

                Accept \u5c31\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u90a3\u4e9bMIME\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n

                Accept-Encoding \u8fd9\u4e2a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u90a3\u4e9b\u538b\u7f29\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

                Accept-Lanague \u544a\u8bc9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u80fd\u591f\u53d1\u9001\u54ea\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00<\/p>\n

                Connection \u544a\u8bc9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u652f\u6301keep-alive\u7279\u6027<\/p>\n

                Cookie \u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u643a\u5e26\u4e0aCookie\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u8bc6\u522b\u662f\u5426\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/p>\n

                Host \u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u8bf7\u6c42\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Nginx\u91cc\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f88\u591a\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u90a3\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n

                User-Agent \u7528\u6237\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982\uff1awget curl \u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u8718\u86db\u7b49<\/p>\n

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